Hypertext Markup Language

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a computer language used to create web pages. This was invented by Tim Berners-Lee, who was a physicist at the European particle physics laboratory known as CERN (Centre European pour la Recherche Nucleaire) in Geneva, Switzerland. The HTML that he invented was based on SGML (Standard Generalized Mark-up Language) that was already existing at that time.

Concise history of SGML, HTML and XML.

HTML is a language but it's not a programming language, it's a markup language. A markup language is a set of markup tags and HTML uses this markup tags to describe web pages. A web page or a HTML document consists of only text and special instructions called tags. Normally HTML tags come in pairs like <b> and </b>. Also some tags are unpaired. Most of the tags has an opening tag and a closing tag. They are also called as start tag and the end tag. Some tags have attributes to give options for the tag. The HTML tags are not displayed by the web browser but the tags are used to interpret the content of the page.

As advantages of HTML is that it is relatively easy to learn and it's easy to use. So that it is widely used and supported by most browsers. HTML is free and it dose not need any software. But it's language is static, the security is limited and sometimes it's hard to understand the structure of the HTML document are the disadvantages of the HTML.

Currently the HTML is outdated and now it is extended to XHTML. XHTML is the most current standard for creating web pages.

Timeline of Web Markup and Style Standards.

Bibliography
Dinusha, Dias Wickramasuriya. "Hypertext Markup Language," http://dinushawickramasuriya.blogspot.com, October 18, 2011.

Evolution of the internet

 Internet is a global digital infrastructure that connects millions of computers. It was created as an experiment and to develop a network that could survive a nuclear attack. This began as the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) in 1969,which was found by the research of the U.S. military. This evolved was used by academic institutions, scientists and the government to share data, to do research and for their communication. The most popular application was the e-mail that became popular among them and it helped the institutions to connect to each others'computer systems.

Gradually the ARPANET grew hosts connection in universities and government around the country and later it was internationally connected. The creation of the Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) distinguished the internet.IP was an abbreviation for internet protocol. An IP address is a series of numbers that identifies which particular computer or network is connected to the internet.

The internet was a essential tool for communication with it's development. The number of computers connected to the internet were grown widely. So that it began to create concern about privacy and security among networks. This popularity made a dark side of this such as hacker, cracker and electronic break-in were created with the popularity and such criminal activities were included. The development of Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), a hypertext internet protocol provided means to communication with graphic information in the internet.This made any one to create their own web site which became a virtual hypertext network called the World Wide Web (WWW) that made internet's explosive world wide growth. The Domain Name system was introduce to match the complex IP addresses with names ending in extensions such as .com, .org, .edu, .gov. The number of computers connected to the internet has grown dramatically from it's beginning and it has undergone more than just a name change.